Citizen is a major Japanese watch manufacturer founded in 1918, widely recognized for its Eco-Drive solar-powered technology and broad lineup of both quartz and mechanical timepieces. The company is also the parent of several other notable watch brands and movement manufacturers, including Miyota. Citizen watches carry a range of markings and codes that can help identify the model, movement caliber, and production details. These markings are commonly found on the case back, dial, and inside the case, and understanding them can be valuable for collectors and enthusiasts.
Citizen Watch Markings & Identification Guide
Citizen watches
Common Models
Citizen Eco-Drive PromasterCitizen NighthawkCitizen CorsoCitizen ChandlerCitizen Satellite WaveCitizen Tsuki-yomi
Serial Number Information
Citizen serial numbers are typically found on the case back, often engraved or stamped into the metal. The serial number format has varied over the decades, but many Citizen watches use a numeric serial that can sometimes be decoded to indicate the production date. On some vintage models, the first two digits of the serial number are often associated with the production year, though this convention is not universally consistent across all product lines.
Modern Citizen watches, particularly those in the Eco-Drive line, may use alphanumeric serial numbers that follow a different coding system. The serial number is often accompanied by a caliber number (typically starting with a letter followed by digits, such as 'E111' or 'H500'), which identifies the specific movement used in the watch. Cross-referencing the caliber with Citizen's technical documentation can often provide additional context about the watch's features and production era.
It is worth noting that Citizen has operated multiple factories and produced watches for various markets under different sub-brands and labels, which can complicate the serial number decoding process. Collector communities and dedicated databases can sometimes provide assistance with unusual serial number formats. For definitive production date information, contacting Citizen's customer service with the serial and caliber numbers is commonly recommended.
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What to Check Next
Common Markings Found on Citizen Watches
Serial Number Engraving
A unique alphanumeric code engraved on the case back that identifies your individual watch. This number is typically used for warranty registration, service history, and authentication.
Model Number StampAn alphanumeric code stamped on the case back that identifies the specific watch model or product line. This number is essential for ordering replacement parts and identifying your watch's specifications.
Water Resistance Rating (Case Back)A marking indicating the watch's tested water resistance depth, typically shown in meters, feet, bar, or ATM. This rating describes laboratory test conditions, not actual diving depth recommendations.
Case Material MarkingAn engraving or stamp indicating the material the watch case is made from, such as stainless steel, titanium, or gold. This marking helps verify authenticity and informs care and maintenance decisions.
Crystal Press Back SymbolA small symbol on the case back indicating it should be opened with a crystal press tool rather than unscrewed. This marking guides watchmakers on the correct method for case back removal.
Japan Movement StampA case back marking indicating the watch uses a movement manufactured in Japan. This is commonly seen as "JAPAN MOVT" or "JAPAN MOVEMENT" and denotes the origin of the caliber inside.
Stainless Steel Back StampA marking reading "STAINLESS STEEL BACK" or "ST. STEEL BACK" indicating the case back material. This is commonly found on watches where only the back is stainless steel while the case body may be a different material.
Clasp Code StampAn alphanumeric code stamped on the bracelet clasp identifying the clasp model and sometimes the production date. This code helps identify replacement clasps and can aid in dating the bracelet.
Bracelet End Link NumberA number stamped on the end links of a bracelet identifying their specific shape and size. This number is critical for finding replacement end links that properly fit your watch case.
Deployment Clasp MarkingMarkings found on a deployment (deployant) clasp that identify the clasp type, size, and brand. These help determine compatibility when replacing or servicing the clasp mechanism.
Bracelet Model NumberA unique identifier stamped on the bracelet that specifies the exact bracelet model. This number is essential for ordering correct replacement bracelets or links.
Adjustable Clasp IndicatorMarkings or features on a clasp indicating it has micro-adjustment or on-the-fly sizing capability. This allows fine-tuning of bracelet fit without tools.
Lug Width MarkingA number stamped between or on the lugs indicating the distance between them in millimeters. This measurement determines which strap or bracelet width fits your watch.
Bezel Insert CodeA code identifying the specific bezel insert installed on a watch, typically relevant for dive watches and GMT models. This number is essential for sourcing correct replacement inserts.
Case Size IndicatorA marking indicating the watch case diameter or dimensions, typically in millimeters. This helps identify the watch model variant and determine strap compatibility.
Caliber NumberA manufacturer's identifier for the specific movement (mechanism) inside the watch. This number reveals the movement type, features, accuracy, and service requirements.
Jewel Count MarkingA marking indicating the number of jewels (synthetic rubies) used as bearings in the movement. This number reflects movement complexity but is not a direct indicator of quality.
Movement Country of OriginA marking indicating where the watch movement was manufactured, such as "Swiss" or "Japan." This identifies the movement's origin, which often influences perceived quality and value.
Regulation MarkingMarkings on or near the movement's regulator indicating adjustment positions for timing accuracy. These are used by watchmakers to fine-tune the watch's rate.
Shock Protection SymbolA marking indicating the movement incorporates a shock protection system for the balance wheel. Common systems include Incabloc, Diashock, and Parashock.
WR 50M / 5 Bar MarkingA water resistance rating of 50 meters (5 bar/ATM), indicating the watch can handle everyday moisture like rain and hand washing. This rating is not suitable for swimming or submersion.
WR 100M / 10 Bar MarkingA water resistance rating of 100 meters (10 bar/ATM), generally considered suitable for swimming and recreational water activities. Not rated for scuba diving or high-impact water sports.
WR 200M / 20 Bar MarkingA water resistance rating of 200 meters (20 bar/ATM), suitable for serious water sports and recreational scuba diving. This is the standard entry-level rating for purpose-built dive watches.
Bar / ATM Pressure RatingA water resistance rating expressed in bar or ATM (atmospheres) instead of meters. One bar/ATM approximately equals 10 meters of water depth in testing pressure.
Japan Movt MarkingA case back marking indicating the watch uses a Japanese-manufactured movement. This is one of the most common markings found on affordable watches worldwide.
Made in Japan StampA marking indicating the watch was fully assembled in Japan, not just the movement. This designation is particularly valued on Seiko, Citizen, and Orient watches for the domestic Japanese market.
Kanji Case Back InscriptionJapanese characters (kanji or katakana) engraved or printed on the case back of watches sold in Japan. These inscriptions typically convey model names, material descriptions, or brand text written in Japanese.
JDM Model Reference CodeA model reference number specific to the Japanese domestic market that differs from the international version. JDM codes often follow unique formatting conventions, such as Seiko's alphanumeric SBDC or SARB prefixes.
PSC Diamond Safety MarkA small diamond-shaped symbol required on consumer products sold in Japan under the Product Safety of Consumer Products Act. On watches, it confirms compliance with Japanese electrical and safety standards.
Domestic Market Dial TextJapanese text printed on watch dials indicating features or specifications in the domestic language. Common examples include characters for water resistance, automatic winding, or material type on JDM-exclusive models.
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Frequently asked questions
Where is the caliber number located on a Citizen watch?
The caliber number on a Citizen watch is typically found engraved on the case back, often near the serial number. It usually consists of a letter followed by several digits, such as 'E111' or 'H500'. This number identifies the specific movement and can be used to look up technical specifications and user manuals on Citizen's website.
How can I tell if my Citizen watch is Eco-Drive?
Eco-Drive watches typically have 'ECO-DRIVE' printed on the dial or case back, and their caliber numbers often begin with specific letters associated with the Eco-Drive technology. The watch should charge from light and not require a traditional battery replacement, though the rechargeable cell can eventually degrade over many years of use.
What do the numbers on my Citizen case back mean?
The case back typically displays the caliber number (movement identifier), serial number, water resistance rating, and sometimes a case reference number. The caliber number is particularly useful for identifying the movement type and looking up the watch's technical documentation. The serial number may contain production date information, though the coding system can vary.
How do I find the production date of my Citizen watch?
For some vintage Citizen watches, the first two digits of the serial number are often associated with the production year, though this is not always reliable. The caliber number can help narrow the era, as specific calibers were produced during known time periods. Contacting Citizen customer service with the serial and caliber numbers is commonly recommended for more precise dating.
Are Citizen and Miyota the same company?
Miyota is a subsidiary of Citizen Watch Co. that manufactures movements used in Citizen watches and also supplies movements to many other watch brands. While Miyota movements are produced under the Citizen corporate umbrella, they are often marketed separately. Higher-end Citizen watches may use in-house Citizen calibers rather than standard Miyota movements.
How can I verify if my Citizen watch is genuine?
Authenticating a Citizen watch typically involves checking the case back markings for correct formatting, examining the movement for genuine Citizen or Miyota construction, and inspecting the overall build quality. The caliber number can be verified against Citizen's published technical documentation. For valuable or vintage pieces, consulting a qualified watchmaker is commonly recommended.
What does the water resistance marking on my Citizen watch mean?
Water resistance markings on Citizen watches, typically expressed in meters or bars, indicate the watch's tested resistance to water pressure under controlled conditions. For example, 'WR 200' typically indicates 200 meters of water resistance. These ratings can degrade over time as seals age, so the original rating may not reflect current water resistance capabilities.
Can I look up my Citizen watch model using the case back numbers?
Yes, the caliber number and case reference found on the case back can often be used to identify your specific Citizen model. Citizen's website and authorized dealers can sometimes help with model identification. Collector databases and watch forums are also commonly used resources for looking up Citizen model information based on case back markings.
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